代理和selenium

使用代理ip进入网页

import requests


# 1. 获取蘑菇代理中的代理IP
def get_ip():
    response = requests.get('http://piping.mogumiao.com/proxy/api/get_ip_bs?appKey=775206edf3dc4329ba04568b75a66a30&count=4&expiryDate=0&format=2&newLine=3')
    if response.text[0] == '{':
        print('提取IP失败')
        return None
    return [x for x in response.text.split('\n') if x]


# 2. 使用代理IP
def get_net_data():
    headers = {
        'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_13_6) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/92.0.4515.131 Safari/537.36'
    }
    # 'http': 'ip:端口'、'http': 'http://ip:端口'
    # 'https': 'ip:端口'、'https': 'https://ip:端口'
    ips = get_ip()
    # 判断是否提取到有效ip
    if not ips:
        print('ip获取失败，等10秒以后重新运行')
        return

    proxies = {
        'http': ips[0],
        'https': ips[1]
    }
    response = requests.get('https://movie.douban.com/top250', headers=headers, proxies=proxies)
    print(response.text)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    get_net_data()

优化使用代理ip

import requests
import time


def get_ip():
    response = requests.get('http://piping.mogumiao.com/proxy/api/get_ip_bs?appKey=775206edf3dc4329ba04568b75a66a30&count=4&expiryDate=0&format=2&newLine=3')
    if response.text[0] == '{':
        print('提取IP失败')
        return None
    return [x for x in response.text.split('\n') if x]


def get_net_data():
    # 不断获取ip直到成功
    while True:
        ips = get_ip()
        if ips:
            break
        time.sleep(5)
    print('ip获取成功:', ips)

    headers = {
        'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_13_6) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/92.0.4515.131 Safari/537.36'
    }
    proxies = {
        'http': ips[0],
        'https': ips[1]
    }
    url = 'https://movie.douban.com/top250'
    response = requests.get(url, headers=headers, proxies=proxies)
    print(response.text)


get_net_data()

selenium的基本功能

from selenium.webdriver import Chrome

# 1. 创建浏览器对象（如果是全局变量，程序结束浏览器不会关闭；局部变量会自动关闭）
b = Chrome()

# 2. 输入网址
b.get('https://www.jd.com/')

# 3. 获取网页源代码
print(b.page_source)

# 关闭浏览器
# b.close()

selemium的常规交互

from selenium.webdriver import Chrome
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
import time

# 1. 创建浏览器
b = Chrome()
# 2. 打开网页
b.get('https://www.51job.com/')

# 3. 获取标签(输入框)
# search_input = b.find_element_by_id('kwdselectid')
search_input = b.find_element_by_css_selector('#kwdselectid')
# print(search_input)

# 4.在输入框中输入内容
search_input.send_keys('数据分析')
# 按输入框中按回车键
search_input.send_keys(Keys.ENTER)

# 5.获取网页数据
print(b.page_source)
print('--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------')
# 6. 获取下一页对应的标签
next = b.find_element_by_css_selector('.next')

# 7.点击按钮
next.click()
print('+++++++++++++++++')
time.sleep(1)
print(b.page_source)

selenium的常用配置

from selenium.webdriver import Chrome, ChromeOptions
import requests
import time


def get_ip():
    response = requests.get('http://piping.mogumiao.com/proxy/api/get_ip_bs?appKey=775206edf3dc4329ba04568b75a66a30&count=4&expiryDate=0&format=2&newLine=3')
    if response.text[0] == '{':
        print('提取IP失败')
        return None
    return [x for x in response.text.split('\n') if x]


while True:
    ips = get_ip()
    if ips:
        break
    time.sleep(1)
print(ips)

# 1. 创建谷歌浏览器的配置对象
options = ChromeOptions()
# 1) 添加取消测试环境选项
options.add_experimental_option('excludeSwitches', ['enable-automation'])
# 2) 取消图片加载
options.add_experimental_option("prefs", {"profile.managed_default_content_settings.images": 2})
# 3) 设置代理
options.add_argument(f'--proxy-server=http://{ips[0]}')

b = Chrome(options=options)
b.get('https://movie.douban.com/top250')
print(b.page_source)

获取和保存cookie

from selenium.webdriver import Chrome, ChromeOptions
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
import time


def save_cookie():
    # 打开浏览器，引导到登录页面
    b = Chrome()
    b.get('https://www.taobao.com')
    search_input = b.find_element_by_id('q')
    search_input.send_keys('鞋子')
    search_input.send_keys(Keys.ENTER)
    # 人工做登录操作（给足够的时间）
    # time.sleep(10)
    input('是否继续：')

    # 获取cookie
    cookies = b.get_cookies()
    # print(cookies, type(cookies))
    f = open('files/taobao.txt', 'w', encoding='utf-8')
    f.write(str(cookies))


save_cookie()

爬淘宝

from selenium.webdriver import Chrome, ChromeOptions
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys

options = ChromeOptions()
options.add_experimental_option("prefs", {"profile.managed_default_content_settings.images": 2})

# 用浏览器打开网页
b = Chrome(options=options)
b.get('https://www.taobao.com')

# 设置cookies
cookies = eval(open('files/taobao.txt', encoding='utf-8').read())
for cookie in cookies:
    if cookie['secure']:
        b.add_cookie(cookie)

b.get('https://www.taobao.com')
search_input = b.find_element_by_id('q')
search_input.send_keys('鞋子')
search_input.send_keys(Keys.ENTER)